Ukwangiza ikirere gutera ikibazo gikomeye no mu ngo zo mu Rwanda
『途上国で深刻な家庭での大気汚染！ルワンダで調査してみた』のルワンダ語記事です（訳：大江里佳 @satoka817）。
Nitwa Norihiro Takeda nkaba nkora akazi k’ingendo shuri no gutanga amakuru mu Rwanda.
Nk’uko nahawe akazi n’umwarimu wa kaminuza ya Electro – Communication witwa Yo Ishigaki, turi gukora ubushakashatsi bujyanye no kwangiza ikirere mu ngo. Iyi ni itangaza makuru ryambere ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze. Nakoresheje icyuma cyabuhariwe mu gupima uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere, mubisubizo nabonye, nasanze ari ikibazo gikomeye cyane.
Contents
Mu buryo butunguranye, ukwangiza ikirere mu ngo biri ku rwego rwo hejuru
Inkwi umuryango twakoreyeho ubushakashatsi ukoresha
Buri mwaka miriyoni 7 z’abantu zibura ubuzima bitewe n’iyangizwa ry’kirere. Iyo utekereje “ukwangiza ikirere”, ushobora gutekereza imyotsi iva mu nganda nini n’imyotsi ya gaze iva mu modoka, ariko mubyukuri ukwangiza ikirere bikunze kuba mu ngo kenshi, kandi kimwe cya kabiri gitera urupfu ni ukwangiza umwuka mu ngo. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere harimo n’u Rwanda, mu guteka inkwi n’amakara bikunze gukoreshwa mu nzu, akaba ariyo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ukwangiza.
参考：WHO：環境汚染死因1位は料理用燃料 | ナショナルジオグラフィック日本版サイト
Kuri iyi nshuro nk’uko byari ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze mbere yo kunoza iziko, twakoze ubushakashatsi bw’ibazwa kubijyane no guteka buri munsi ndetse n’ubushakashatsi bwo gupima uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere muri iki gihe.
Ubushakashatsi bw’ibazwa
Abantu twafatanije muri ubwo bushakashatsi ni umuryango wa MUKAMURARA utuye mu mudugudu wa Ruhango, akagari ka Kigali, umurenge wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Umuryango wa Mukamurara uherereye muri Mt. Kigali mu burengerazuba bwo muri Kigali.
Twakoreye ubushakashatsi bw’ibazwa mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda iwabo harimo umusemuzi witwa Satoka OE.
MUKAMURARA asubiza ibibazo
Uburyo bw’imitekere
| Ibibazo | Ibisubizo |
| Icyo gucanisha | Gukoresha inkwi kenshi n’amakara rimwe na rimwe |
| Imyaka y’umuntu ukoresha igikoni | Kuri 60 (mumuryango harimo umwe ufite imyaka ku 10, umwe ufite kuri 20 n’ababiri bafite kuri 30) |
| Amasaha ukoresha mu guteka ku munsi | Amasaha ane (amasaha abiri gukuba kabiri) |
| Igihe cyo guteka | Nka saa tanu na saa kumi nimwe |
| Hari uburyo bwo gusohora imyotsi | Burahari (Batekera hanze) |
| Abana bajya binjira mu gikoni | Oya |
Bakoresha amakara nk’uko ubibona imbere mu ifoto n’inkwi inyuma
Ingaruka zo ku mubiri n’ibimenyetso bifatika
Kubijyanye nibimenyetso bifatika, ibyinshi mubintu nari nateguye byari bikwiye.
| Ibibazo | Ibisubizo |
| Kubabara amaso | Yego |
| Kuryana mu maso | Yego(rimwe na rimwe amaso aratukura) |
| Kwishima ku maso | Yego |
| Kuzana amarira | Yego(cyane cyane igihe nkorehsa inkwi) |
| Kubabara mu muhogo | Yego (cyane cyane igihe mpuha mu nkwi kugirango nongere umuriro) |
| Gukorora | Oya |
| Kubabara umutwe | Yego (cyane cyane igihe nkoresha inkwi) |
| Kwitsamura | Yego |
| Kuzana ibimyira | Yego |
| Kwishima izuru | Oya |
Ikindi, ikintu gishya namenye kubyo yatubwiye nuko inkwi zisohora imyotsi myinshi kurusha amakara, bityo ibimenyetso bikaba bibi cyane.
Hasi ni bitekerezo bya Mukamurara.
- Nakoreshaga inkwi n’amakara nzi ko bitari byiza ku mubiri
- Nk’uko wambajije ubu, ni bwo namenye ko hari ibimenyetso nagiraga bitewe no gutekera ku nkwi n’amakara.
- Hari abantu benshi batuye hafi ya hano bafite ibimenyetso bisa, ariko bashobora kuba badatekereza ko gutekera ku nkwi n’amakara aribyo bibitera.
- Abantu banduta kumyaka yanjye (kuri 70, 80) nibo baba bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye, ariko abenshi bashobora kuba batazi icyabiteye.
Namaze kumva ibi bitekerezo bye, numvise ko tugomba gushishikariza uburyo bwo kwirinda ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’abantu zitewe no gutekera ku nkwi n’amakara. Impamvu natekereje gutyo nuko nabonye ikibazo gikomeye ku mibare yereka uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere twakoresheje icyuma cyabuhariwe. Ndakwereka ibyo bisubizo hasi.
Gusuzuma uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere
Igihe kirageze cyo gusuzuma uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere dukoresheje icyuma cyabuhariwe mu gupima. Ubusanzwe, muri Kigali haba hari urwego rwo hejuru mu kwangiza ikirere, ariko bizaba bingana iki ahantu hafi y’abantu bacanisha inkwi n’amakara? Murebe video muri tweet yo hasi.
Twamaze gupima n’icyuma, twamenye ko
・AQI zirarenga ibihumbi bibiri iyo ari hejuru (muri video yo hejuru, twabashije gufata kuri 150-800)
・Ndetse ahantu hamwe, ibisubizo bishobora guhinduka cyane (kuko uko imyotsi igenda birahinduka bitewe n’icyerekezo cy’imiyaga)
AQI ni ki?
AQI ni imibare ivuga “Air Quality Index.” Bavuga ko niba ari 100 cyangwa irengaho, ni bibi kubuzima bw’abantu bikunze kugiraho ingaruka byihuse, niba irenga 150, ni bibi ku buzima, niba irenga 300, ni akaga. Ariko ubusanzwe muri Kigali irarenga 100.
Nuko tutabashije gufata ku ishusho, ariko yarengaga 2000 yakabije.
No mubihe bisanzwe, ikirere ni kibi kuburyo AQI igera nko ku 150 muri Kigali, ariko noneho biratangaje kubona imibare ya 2000 irenze inshuro 10 iyo mibare hafi yo gutwika inkwi. Nashoboye kwibonera uburyo gutekera ku nkwi bisohora ibyangiza ikirere.
Ishusho yereka uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere
Iyi ishusho iri hasi ni ishusho yerekana ahantu hatandukanye twapimye uburinganire bwo kwangiza ikirere.
- A: Imbere y’inkwi
- B: Kure gato y’umuriro
- C: Kure cyane y’umuriro
- D: Munzu
- E: Imbere y’amakara
Twapimye inshuro ebyeri buri hantu, ariko imibare y’ibisubizo bigaragara mu ishusho ni ikigereranyo. Kandi buri gipimo twapimiye hejuru ya metero 1 kuva kubutaka (metero 1 ni uburebure ku maso y’umuntu ukoresha umuriro yunamye).
AQI
Aho twabonye imibare iri hejuru ni kuri A mbere y’inkwi, yageze AQI kuri 177.5. Icyatangaje nuko imibare yari munzu yari myinshi (D=166.0). Umwuka wanduye ushobora kuguma munzu.
Ishusho ikurikira irerekana ibisubizo byo gupima imibare ya PM2.5.
PM2.5
No kuri PM2.5, A ku nkwi niho imibare yageze hejuru kurusha ahandi, ahakabiri ni munzu.
Iyi ni mbonerahamwe yerekana incamake zose zapimwe.
Imbonerahamwe y’ibisubizo byo gupima (Ibyo tweretse muri ayo mashusho yo hejuru ni ibisubizo bya AQI na PM2.5 twakoresheje igipimisho giteye nk’igikinisho cy’abana)
Ubushakashatsi bw’ubushobozi bw’iziko
Nka kimwe mu bintu by’ubushakashatsi twakoze, ni igihe amazi abize. Kugirango amazi angana na 500ml abire twakoresheje iminota itatu n’amasegonda mirongo ine n’atanu.
Ubutaha tuzakora iziko rinoze bityo tugereranye ubushobozi bw’iziko risanzwe na rishyashya.
Ubutaha ni ugukora iziko
Ubutaha tuzakora iziko rinoze ryi mpamvu nyirizina kuri ubu bushakashatsi. tuzagerageza gukora iziko mu Rwanda ryitwa “ Kamado Yoko” umukorerabushake wa JICA witwa Nakanishi Yoko yakoreye muri Madagascar.
“Kamado yoko” ni iki?
- Rikozwe mu ibikoresho bidahenze kandi biboneka.
- Kwaka cyane kandi gukoresha inkwi n’amakara bike
- Kugabanya imyotsi
- Kugabanya umwanya wo guteka
Ni iziko ryiza cyane kuri ibingibi twavuze!
Mukomeze mukurikirane amakuru mashya!
Umusemuzi：Satoka OE @satoka817
